The buffer may be demilitarized zone between two warring nations. It can also be at a border or a piece of no-man’s land that separates two countries. There have even been buffer states in the past! These are countries that lies between two nations at war and which support neither side nor host their armies. For example, Belgium was a buffer state before World War I between Prussia and France.
Factories manufacturing hazardous chemicals frequently have a buffer zone to protect citizens living near it from accidents such as leaking chemicals or from environment pollution. An urban site with a nuclear reactor needs a buffer zone to protect citizens from radiation mishaps.
To prevent escaped prisoners from hiding or taking innocent people as hostages, a buffer zone is created around a large prison. It is easier for guards to comb the area if there is a breakout.
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