The term ‘Fly-by-wire’ is applied to automatic computer controlled operation of an aircraft. Instead of conventional mechanical controls operated manually by the pilot, this modern technology uses computers to control all the flight operations of an aircraft. It is extremely reliable, accurate and free from human errors. In this technology, electrical, electronic and computer systems fully replace conventional mechanical systems required for, say, turning the rudder or wing flaps of an aircraft. However, hydraulic or pneumatic systems required for, say, applying brakes to wheels, are only partially replaced. In this mode, computers perform all the calculations related to the flight of an aircraft and conduct it in a safe and fuel-efficient manner. They also issue instructions to up-date and correct the speed and altitude of an aircraft to obtain the maximum mileage. If by any chance, any instrument or a part of the aircraft malfunctions or fails, the computers issue warning to the crew to take corrective action. And above all, if a pilot makes a mistake during a flight, the computers issue him a warning to rectify his mistake or lock the relevant control at the safety limit. The Airbus-320 is equipped with this technology.
