As well as delivering nutrients around the body, the blood also collects waste products from cells and delivers them to two hardworking organs called kidneys. There, waste and excess fluids are filtered out and processed into a liquid called urine, then passed out of the body.
The urinary system also keeps the volume and pressure of the blood stable by holding water back when there is a shortage, and making more urine when there is too much. This system also maintains a healthy balance of minerals and salts in the body.
The primary organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, which are bean-shaped organs that are located just below the rib cage in the middle of the back. The kidneys remove urea — waste product formed by the breakdown of proteins — from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Each nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries, called a glomerulus, and a small tube called a renal tubule. Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.
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