The muscles of the neck and back provide a strong support system for the spine – the long line of interlocking bones that helps to keep the upper body stable and upright. Some muscles also help with breathing by lifting and lowering the ribs.
Back muscles pull the spine backwards, bend it sideways, or rotate it, allowing the back to perform a wide range of bending and turning movements. Layers of muscle packed around the spine also protect it against injury from pressure or knocks.
The back has three main muscle layers, which work together to stabilize and move the torso, and help with breathing. The deeper layer sometimes called the core muscles, hold the body upright and stop you flopping forward when you bend at the waist.
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