What are the things that you can do to make you healthy?

HEALTH

A healthy body is one that is fit, strong, supple, and working well. Disease and injury prevent the normal working of the body. While it is not always possible to avoid illness, the chances of developing a disease are reduced by adopting a healthy lifestyle, including taking regular exercise and eating a good, mixed diet of fresh foods. If a person does become ill, a doctor has to work out exactly what the problem is, and then decides on a suitable course of treatment. This might include drugs, surgery, or other means to return the person to full health.

DIAGNOSIS If a person is ill their doctor first needs to determine exactly what is wrong with them. This is called making a diagnosis. The doctor asks about symptoms – the features of the disease or injury the patient has noticed – and considers the patient’s medical history. Next, the doctor looks for signs to help identify the illness, for example, using a thermometer to check body temperature. The patient may require further tests, such as blood tests or X-rays.

DRUGS Chemicals that are used to treat and prevent disease, by changing some aspect of the way the body works, are called drugs. Antibiotics, which kill harmful bacteria, and analgesics, which reduce pain, are both examples of drugs. They may be given to a patient in a number of ways — by injection, as pills and syrups that are swallowed, or as a vapour that is inhaled into the lungs.

FIRST AID The initial treatment to a person who is sick or injured is called first aid. It is often carried out by someone who is not medically qualified, but has been trained to use simple yet effective treatments. In more serious cases, first aid may keep a person alive until medical help arrives. A first-aid kit contains essential items such as disposable gloves, scissors, antiseptic cream and wipes, sticking plasters, sterile dressings, and bandages.

PREVENTION Regular exercise, such as running, walking, or playing sport, improves fitness by making the heart and body muscles more efficient. It is also important to eat a balanced diet made up of a wide range of foods – including pasta and rice, fruit and vegetables, lean meat, and oily fish – and low in salt, sugar, and in the unhealthy fats found in red meat. Not only does a healthy diet reduce the risk of becoming overweight, it can also help protect against certain diseases.

SURGERY Performed by a doctor called a surgeon, surgery involves cutting into a patient’s body to repair, remove, or replace tissue damaged by disease or injury. Surgery takes place in an operating theatre. To reduce the risk of infection, staff wear gowns and masks, and everything is sterile (free of germs). During an operation the patient is given an anesthetic – a drug or gas that stops them feeling any pain.

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