On 22nd January, 1905, Father Gapon, a Russian Orthodox priest, led a large group of workers to the tsar’s Winter Palace in Petrograd to present a petition regarding the plight of the workers. The petition was addressed to Tsar Nicholas II.
On the arrival of the group, the imperial forces opened fire, killing and wounding hundreds. This incident is known as Bloody Sunday in the history of Russia. Bloody Sunday is considered as the start of the 1905 Revolution.
The firing was met with violent reactions; strikes and riots broke throughout the country. The uprising urged the tsar to issue the October Manifesto. The manifesto granted Russia a form of constitution. At the core of this new arrangement was an elected central assembly, known as the Duma.
However, the concessions granted by the manifesto did not meet the radical opposition’s demands for an assembly or a republic.
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