The Earth as you know is divided into three main climate zones according to latitude – tropical, temperate and polar zones. The type of vegetation found in mountainous ranges varies according to their location in these climate zones. However one must keep in mind that a huge mountain has the ability to change the weather and create its own climate and biome. (A biome is a naturally occurring community of flora and fauna.) However, a general outline is as follows – Temperate zone Mountains, such as the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA, have coniferous forests on the lower slopes and alpine vegetation above the tree line.
Tropical Zone Mountains such as the Nilgiris in South India have tropical rainforest as the dominant type of habitat. Over 2,700 species of flowering plants and 160 species of fern are found here. Tropical mountains have higher tree lines and may have grasses, heathers and shrubs at higher altitudes.
Desert Mountains have very few varieties of plants due to the harsh climate. Lack of rain, strong winds and the scanty soil makes it difficult for plants to grow. Cacti, grasses and shrubs are the dominant vegetation found here.
Picture Credit : Google
