The Court of Justice of the European Union or CJEU was established in 1952 and is based in Luxembourg.
The role of the Court of Justice is to interpret and implement the EU laws in the same way in all EU countries, and to ensure that all the countries abide by the laws. It settles legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions. The Court can also be utilized by individuals, companies, or organizations to take disciplinary action against any EU institution if it has violated the laws.
The CJEU is divided into 2 courts: The Court of Justice and the General Court. The former deals with requests for preliminary rulings from national courts and initiates actions for annulment and appeals. The latter rules on actions for annulment brought by individuals, companies, and, in some cases, EU governments. In other words, the Court deals primarily with competition law, state aid, trade, agriculture, and trade-marks.
The judges and advocate generals are appointed by the national governments for a renewable term of 6 years, and in each Court, the judges select a president for a renewable period of 3 years. Each case registered in the Court of Justice is assigned one judge and one advocate general.
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