International Business Machines (IBM) is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation based in New York, USA. IBM resulted from the amalgamation of several companies that previously worked to automate routine business transactions, including the first companies to build punched card-based data tabulating machines. These companies amalgamated into the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and began operations on June 16, 1911.
In 1924 the company changed its name to ‘International Business Machines’ or IBM. Nicknamed ‘Big Blue’, IBM began exploring electric typewriters and other office machines. Its first experiments with computers began in the 1940s and 1950s and were modest advances on the card-based system.
Its leap forward came in the 1960s with its System/360 family of mainframe Computers. However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s IBM losses exceeded $8 billion.
After a series of reorganizations, IBM has reinvented itself as one of the world’s largest computer companies and systems integrators. IBM holds more patents than any other US based Technology Company and has twelve research laboratories world-wide.
It has scientists, engineers, consultants, and sales professionals in over 175 countries and its employees have earned 5 Nobel Prizes, 4 Turing Awards, 5 National Medals of Technology and 5 National Medals of Science.
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