Shattering of panes can be explained using the well-known principle of resonance. We have seen window panes vibrate when heavy vehicles such as a lorry pass by.
Likewise the panes of houses near airports also vibrate when aircraft fly nearby. In these cases, the noise (a mixture of sound waves of varying frequencies) generated by the vehicle sets up vibrations in the atmospheric air surrounding it. These vibrations (sound waves) transfer the energy from the source (vehicle) to the surrounding and dissipate it. If the noise is not intense, the sound dies away with in a short distance.
If it is intense, the waves travel long distances. When these waves come across solid objects such as window panes, they transfer their energy to the object and force them to vibrate.
If the frequency of the sound wave matches with the natural frequency (Any object will have a natural frequency of vibration which depends on the nature of the material) of the object, resonance sets in the object begins to absorb the incident energy and forced to vibrate with large amplitudes. In case of window panes, its edges are held (if not tightly) by the window frame which prevent the oscillation. This results in shattering.