How was Rome founded?
According to legend, Rome was founded in 753BC by twin brothers called Romulus and Remus, who had been raised by a she-wolf. By 509BC the original Etruscan Inhabitants of Rome had been driven out, and by 275BC Rome controlled most of Italy. The Phoenicians were great rivals of Rome, and they were finally defeated by the Romans in the Punic Wars (264-146BC). After this, the Romans were able to extend their empire with little organized resistance.
How far did Roman rule extend?
At its peak, the Roman Empire extended all around the Mediterranean — into Syria, Israel, parts of Turkey, most of Europe and the Balkan regions. A huge army was needed to maintain control over these regions, and the costs were tremendous. There were continual minor wars and skirmishes along the edges of the Empire, which meant that large garrisons of soldiers had to be maintained.
Why was the Roman army so successful?
The Roman army invented a method of warfare that persisted for 2,000 years. Its troops were rigorously trained and exercised, and divided into small detachments under the control of officers. Roman soldiers wore effective armour, and developed tactics that allowed them to fight successfully against almost any enemy. In particular, the Roman soldiers were very effective at defence. They closed ranks and protected themselves with large shields, which deflected arrows and spears, until they reached close quarters and could use their own weapons.
Paved roads were constructed to allow the Roman armies to move very quickly to any region where trouble flared up. A network of local forts and garrisons made sure that soldiers were always available.
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