While some plants produce spores for reproduction, some others have seeds for the purpose. Of the non-flowering plants that bear seeds, Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgo and Gnetophytes are the major species.
Conifers are found almost everywhere. These plants have evergreen leaves but no flowers. Their pollination happens with the help of wind. They have woody stems that produce seeds in cones. Most conifers are trees; however, there are low-growing shrubs too.
Cycads are palm-like plants and have thick, woody stems.They generally have a crown of compound leaves too. These plants grow mainly in tropical regions. The male and the female trees are found in the same species. While female plants produce seeds inside the cone, male plants shed pollen.The pollination of cycads takes place through wind. However, there are a few insect-pollinated species too.
Ginkgo, also called the maidenhair tree, is one of its kinds. The species has no other members. They are mainly found in China and Japan. These trees have fan-shaped leaves. Unlike most conifers, gingkoes shed their leaves annually.
Gnetophytes are often found live in deserts and dry lands. They do not grow into huge trees. Gnetophytes are either wind-pollinated or insect-pollinated.
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