Myopia is defined as an eye defect where the image of the object falls before the retina of the eye. The person affected with myopia cannot see distant objects clearly, but can see objects that are close to him. Myopia is also known as short sight. It may be caused due to: Increased Anterio Posterior length of the eyeball, Increased curvature of cornea or lens, Increased refractive index of the media particularly of lens sclerosis (early cataract).
Myopia can be broadly classified into three main types: Congenital myopia: It is present since birth and may be unilateral or bilateral. Simple or developmental myopia is common type where the defect increases usually as age advances,
Pathological myopia or degenerative myopia was the condition rapidly increases and there may be high myopia up to 20 D or more. Degenerative changes occur in post segment and fundus like myopic crescent choroidal sclerosis, post staphyloma due to stretching or sclera, vitreous degeneration retinal detachment and development of nuclear cataract seen.
Latest technologies that are available for the treatment of myopia are: Radial Keratectomy, where the problem is corrected by making a series of radial cuts around outer edges of the cornea by a handheld small blade thereby reducing corneal curvature and reduction of myopia.
Photorefractive Keratectomy, where laser rays are used to correct the defect by gently removing corneal tissues from the central area of the cornea thereby reducing the corned curvature
Lasik procedure combined with laser where small layer of the cornea are removed microscopically and then laser rays are applied to correct the defect.