While the Mauryans perished, many other kingdoms flourished; the north-west was under the control of Indo-Greeks, Scythians and Parthians while Kalinga became an independent kingdom. The Shungas, followed by the Kanvas ruled Magadha and the Gangetic valley and the Shakas ruled Gujarat.
Around 200 BC, Demetrios, the Bactrian Greek king, moved towards India. Around the same time, the Scythians who were Eurasian nomads, began invading India. North-west India did not have a powerful ruler after the decline of the Mauryan Empire. Therefore, it was easy for the lndo-Greek invaders including Menander and Demetrios to establish their kingdoms, as far as Uttar Pradesh. But these kings did not rule for long.
Menander was the most famous among the lndo-Greek rulers. A description from the book Milinda Panha or The Questions of Menander indicates that his capital at Sakala -in present-day Pakistan- was full of parks, gardens, tanks, beautiful buildings, well laid out streets and strong walls.
Picture Credit : Google