The Pandyas, Cheras and Cholas, three ancient Tamil dynasties ruled the south of India for a long period of time.
The Pandyas were one of the longest ruling dynasties in the history of India; they occupied the southernmost part of the peninsula and ruled the Tamil country from pre-historic times until the end of the 15th century.
The Cholas lived to the north-east of the Pandyas. Positioned between Pennar and Velar rivers, the Chola land was fertile. Though their capital was Uraiyur, it was shifted to Puhar (Kaveripattanam) later.
The Cheras lived in the south-west of Tamil Nadu, in present-day Kerala. The Chera kingdom was renowned for buffaloes, jack-fruit, pepper and turmeric. The Chera rule belongs to two different time-periods-the Sangam Age and post 9th century AD. These three dynasties were constantly at war with each other.
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