Water is the only compound that exists in solid, liquid and gaseous states on our planet. With its many unique properties, water is vital for our survival.
Earlier, water was believed to be an element. Its real composition was discovered by the chemist Henry Cavendish. He created an explosion by mixing hydrogen and oxygen called the oxyhydrogen effect and established that water is not an element, but a compound. Cavendish announced the composition of water to the Royal Society, London on January 15th, 1784.
The decomposition of water by electrolysis into hydrogen and oxygen was first done by English chemists William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle in 1800. Five years later, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Alexander von Humboldt showed that water is composed of two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. The formula for water was made in 1811 by the Italian physician Amadeo Avogadro.
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