According to the definition in quantum mechanics, a particle is not just a particle, but also a wave. As a result, it is impossible to know the momentum, which is a product of the mass and velocity, and position of a particle, simultaneously. This is because momentum comes from a wave that is spread out while position comes from a concentrated wave. And these two do not come together.
This was proposed by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg as the ‘Uncertainty Principle’ in 1927. It is to be noted that the Uncertainty Principle is not apparent on the macroscopic scale of day-to-day life. Scientists usually devise easily understood physical situations as examples to demonstrate the application of the Uncertainty Principle.
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