Har Gobind Khorana


Har Gobind Khorana



Har Gobind Khorana (9 January 1922 – 9 November 2011) was an Indian American biochemist. While on the faculty of the University of Wisconsin, he shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that showed the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell and control the cell’s synthesis of proteins. Khorana and Nirenberg were also awarded the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize from Columbia University in the same year.



Fields




  • Molecular biology



Known for




  • First to demonstrate the role of nucleotides in protein synthesis



Awards




  • Nobel Prize in Medicine (1968)

  • Gairdner Foundation International Award (1980)

  • Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize

  • ForMemRS (1978)

  • Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research

  • Padma Vibhushan

  • Willard Gibbs Award (1974)



Institutions




  • MIT (1970–2007)

  • University of Wisconsin, Madison (1960–70)

  • University of British Columbia (1952–60)

  • University of Cambridge (1950–52)

  • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (1948–49)



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Swapan Chattopadhyay


Swapan Chattopadhyay is a particle accelerator physicist noted for his pioneering contributions of innovative concepts, techniques and developments in high energy particle colliders, coherent and incoherent light sources, ultrafast sciences in the femto- and atto- second regimes, superconducting linear accelerators and various applications of interaction of particle and light beams.



Fields




  • Physics



Institutions




  • Northern Illinois University and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (2014–)

  • Cockcroft Institute (2007–2014)

  • Universities of Liverpool, Manchester and Lancaster, UK (2007–2014)

  • Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (2001–2007)

  • University of California at Berkeley (1974–1982, 1984–2001, 2010–)

  • Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1976–1982, 1984–2001)

  • CERN (1982–1984, 2008–)



Known for




  • Particle accelerator science and technology



Awards




  • Fellow of American Physical Society,

  • American Association for the Advancement of Science,

  • Institute of Physics (UK), and

  • the Royal Society of Arts (UK)



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Srinivasa Ramanujan


Srinivasa Ramanujan was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be unsolvable.



During his short life, Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3,900 results (mostly identities and equations). Many were completely novel; his original and highly unconventional results, such as the Ramanujan prime, the Ramanujan theta function, partition formulae and mock theta functions, have opened entire new areas of work and inspired a vast amount of further research.



Known for




  • Landau–Ramanujan constant

  • Mock theta functions

  • Ramanujan conjecture

  • Ramanujan prime

  • Ramanujan–Soldner constant

  • Ramanujan theta function

  • Ramanujan's sum

  • Rogers–Ramanujan identities

  • Ramanujan's master theorem

  • Ramanujan–Sato series



Awards




  • Fellow of the Royal Society



Fields




  • Mathematics



Institutions




  • Trinity College, Cambridge



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Rajesh Gopakumar


Rajesh Gopakumar (born 1967 in Kolkata, India) a theoretical physicist is director of the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS-TIFR) in Bangalore, India. He was previously a professor at Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) in Allahabad, India. He is known for his work on topological string theory.



Awards




  • Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award,

  • ICTP Prize



Fields




  • String Theory,

  • Theoretical Physics



Institutions




  • Harish-Chandra Research Institute

  • Institute for Advanced Study



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Jagadish Chandra Bose


Jagadish Chandra Bose



Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose was a polymath, physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist and archaeologist, and an early writer of science fiction from British India. He pioneered the investigation of radio and microwave optics, made significant contributions to plant science, and laid the foundations of experimental science in the Indian subcontinent. IEEE named him one of the fathers of radio science. Bose is considered the father of Bengali science fiction, and also invented the crescograph, a device for measuring the growth of plants. A crater on the moon has been named in his honour.



Known for          




  • Millimetre waves

  • Radio

  • Crescograph

  • Contributions to plant biology



Awards




  • Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) 1903

  • Companion of the Order of the Star of India (CSI) 1911

  • Knight Bachelor (1917)



Fields




  • Physics

  • biophysics

  •  biology

  • botany

  • archaeology

  • Bengali literature

  • Bengali science fiction



Institutions




  • University of Calcutta

  • University of Cambridge

  • University of London



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Ashok Gadgil


Ashok Gadgil



Ashok Gadgil (born November 15, 1950 in India) Is Faculty Senior Scientist and was Director of the Energy and Environmental Technologies Division for 2010-2015 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is also Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. He specializes in heat transfer, fluid dynamics, and technology design for development. He also has substantial experience in technical, economic, and policy research on energy efficiency and its implementation - particularly in developing countries.



Education




  • Ph.D. Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 1979

  • M.A. Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 1975

  • M.Sc. Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 1973

  • B.Sc. Physics, University of Bombay, 1971



Areas of expertise:




  • Computational Fluid Dynamics of indoor air and pollutant transport

  • Simulation methods for complex non-linear systems

  • Energy efficiency in buildings

  • Drinking water treatment



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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam


Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering.



Profession




  • Aerospace scientist

  • Professor

  • Author



Awards




  • Bharat Ratna (1997)

  • Hoover Medal (2009)

  • NSS Von Braun Award (2013)



Notable work(s)




  • Wings of Fire



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Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty


Pisharoth Rama Pisharoty (February 10, 1909 – September 24, 2002) was an Indian physicist and meteorologist, and is considered to be the father of remote sensing in India.



Early life and education



P. R. Pisharoty was born on February 10, 1909 in the town of Kollengode in the Indian state of Kerala.His parents were Sivaramakrishnan alias Gopala Vadhyar and Lakshmi Pisharassiar. He had three brothers: Chakrapani,Balakrishnan and Rajagopal, and three half brothers: Vaidyanathan, Rose Vadhyar and Gopalakrishnan. He completed his early education in Kerala. Having done his Physics BA honours from St. Joseph's College, Trichinopoly, Madras state, he went on to do his MA (Physics) from Madras University.



Awards




  • 1957 Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences

  • 1978 Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy

  • 1970 Awarded the prestigious Padma Shri national civilian award of the Indian government in recognition of his contributions.

  • 1988 First recipient of the Raman Centenary Medal.

  • 1989 Awarded the IMO Prize by the WMO.

  • 1990 Received the K. R. Ramanathan Medal established by Indian National Science Academy.



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Anil Kumar Gain


Anil Kumar Gain (1 February 1919 – 7 February 1978) (also spelt Anil Kumar Gayen) was an Indian mathematician and statistician best known for his works on the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient in the field of applied statistics, with his colleague Ronald Fisher. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Henry Ellis Daniels, who was the then President of the Royal Statistical Society. He was honoured as a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and the famous Cambridge Philosophical Society.



Gain was the president of the statistics section of the Indian Science Congress Association, as well as the head of the Department of Mathematics at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur. He later went on to found Vidyasagar University, naming it after the famous social reformer of the Bengali renaissance, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.



Fields




  • Mathematics and Statistics



Institutions




  • University of Cambridge

  • University of Calcutta

  • Presidency College, Calcutta

  • Indian Statistical Institute

  • Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur



Awards




  • RSS

  • FCPS



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Yellapragada Subbarow


Yellapragada Subbarow (12 January 1895 – 8 August 1948) was an Indian biochemist who discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate as an energy source in the cell, and developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer. Most of his career was spent in the United States. Despite his isolation of ATP, Subbarow did not gain tenure at Harvard though he would lead some of America's most important medical research during World War II. He is also credited with the first synthesis of the chemical compounds folic acid and methotrexate. Subbarow died in the United States.



Known for




  • Discovering the role of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate in muscular activity;

  • synthesis of folic acid;

  • synthesis of methotrexate;

  • discovery of diethylcarbamazine



Fields




  • Biochemistry



Institutions




  • Lederle Laboratories, a division of American Cyanamid (Acquired by Wyeth in 1994, now Pfizer)



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Samir Kumar Brahmachari


Samir Kumar Brahmachari (born 1 January 1952) is an Indian biophysicist and Former Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) and Former Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Government of India. He is the Founder Director of Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi and the Chief Mentor of Open Source for Drug Discovery (OSDD) Project. He is the recipient of J.C Bose Fellowship Award, DST (2012).



Fields




  • Functional Genomics;Structural & Computational Biology



Known for




  • Open Source Drug Discovery for Affordable

  • Healthcare



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Satyendra Nath Bose


Satyendra Nath Bose, FRS (Bengali: Sôtyendronath Bosu; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian physicist from Bengal specialising in theoretical physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was awarded India's second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 by the Government of India.



Known for




  • Bose–Einstein condensate

  • Bose–Einstein statistics

  • Bose–Einstein distribution

  • Bose–Einstein correlations

  • Bose gas

  • Boson

  • Ideal Bose Equation of State

  • Photon gas



Awards




  • Padma Vibhushan

  • Fellow of the Royal Society



Fields




  • Physics



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Raghunath Anant Mashelkar



Raghunath Anant Mashelkar, also known as Ramesh Mashelkar. FREng, FIChemE (born on 1st January, 1943) is an Indian chemical engineer and a former Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), a chain of 38 publicly funded industrial research and development institutions in India.



Awards




  • Padma Vibhushan

  • Padma Bhushan

  • Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar

  • G.D. Birla Award for Scientific Research

  • FREng



Fields




  • Chemical Engineering



Known for




  • Intellectual Property Rights; R&D; Innovation



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Nitya Anand


Nitya Anand (born 1 January 1925 in Layallpur, British India) is a scientist who was the director of Central Drug Research Institute in Lucknow for several years. In 2005, Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC) appointed him chairman of its scientific committee. In 2012, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian government.



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Ganapathi Thanikaimoni


Ganapathi Thanikaimoni (1 January 1938 – 5 September 1986), often referred to as Thani was an Indian palynologist.



Known for




  • Contributions to the science of palynology



Scientific career



Thani took a position of scientist in the newly founded (1960) Palynology Laboratory of the French Institute of Pondicherry (French: Institut Français de Pondichéry) under the direction of Dr. Prof. Guinet. In a few years Thani's scientific and administrative abilities were recognized by his promotion to the directorship of the laboratory.



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