Will Internet be used in space?

It certainly looks like internet will soon be used in space too. In fact, a programme of the United States Department of Defence called Iris will put an internet router in space by the start of 2009. This programme will allow voice, video and data communications for US troops using standards developed for the internet. Eventually, Iris could extend the net into space too. Right now data from satellites orbiting in space is beamed to the ground first, and then beamed up again to another satellite. Iris will make it possible for data to flow directly between satellites orbiting in space through the internet in space.


How can we talk through our hands?

Wouldn’t it be incredible if your hand could become a mobile phone? Well, sometime in the future, it may. A technology is already being developed called Finger Whisper technology, which could turn hands into handsets. By converting voice into vibration, then conducting vibration through the bones in the user’s hand, the hand becomes a type of receiver

What is VO WiBro?

This is another difficult sounding term which can be explained only if you know what WiBro is.WiBro is a wireless broadband internet technology being developed by the Korean telecom industry. With WiBro, Korean phones will tap into on ‘always on’ broadband connections that have a bandwidth much greater and faster than what is available now. Vo WiBro will be a great improvement on VoIP and the quality of service will be far superior due to the increased bandwidth and speed.


What are the flags and badges used by the Indian Army?

and campaign The army normally flies the flag of the headquarters, formation, or other unit at the headquarters building and the commander’s residence. The national flag is displayed at all posts for ceremonies in connection with Republic Day and Independence Day.The Indian war flag is red with the golden lions of Sarnath, and golden crossed swords. The flag of Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Armed Forces is red in colour with the national flag in one corner, the golden Loins of Sarnath and golden crossed swords. Field Marshals have red flags with crossed batons surrounded by a lotus flower wreath. The Asoka Lion’s emblem is above the wreath, and there are five stars below, all in yellow. The army also has different badges for different regiments, as well as gallantry medals.



 



 




Why are national flags so important?

It is important to note that a national flag tells the world about a country, its people and their history. It symbolizes its culture and its heritage. A national flag reminds its citizens where they came from, where they are and their duty to the future. It is well known across the length and breadth of the country, and inspires patriotism in its citizens, for it is steeped in history and tradition.



 



 



 



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  India’s national flag


Do the colours of a flag have special meaning?

Yes they do. White is associated with peace and honesty. Yellow is a symbol of generosity and red represents bravery, strength and velour. Blue stands for vigilance, truth and justice, while green are a symbol of hope, joy and divinity. Black sometimes stands for determination. However, a plain black flag is a symbol of mourning. Flags flown at half mast also denote mourning.Our national flag is made up of three colours – saffron, white and green. The saffron stands for courage and sacrifice; the white, for purity and truth; the green for growth and auspiciousness. In the centre of the white band there is a wheel in navy blue to indicate Dharma Chakra. It is a Buddhist symbol dating back to 200 BC.You must always show respect to the flag, and never use it for anything else except as a symbol of our great nation and culture.


What is the difference between badges and flags?

Badges can be part of our everyday life. When you go to school, you remember to pin your school badge on your uniform. Your father may also wear a badge when he goes to work. A badge is something that you wear to show who you are, to which institution you belong, or what your rank is. It may also be reward for something you have achieved, or a sign of your authority.Badges are of great importance in the military. Everyone wears one to show his or her rank, and also signify any special training received and record note worthy achievements. Policeman wears badges to show their authority, and members of a club may wear a badge to show that they belong to a particular club or group. Sometimes badges are worn as a sign of protest, and sometimes as sign of mourning, like the black badges worn when someone dies   Badges can be made of many different types of materials… cloths, metal, plastic, rubber or leather. Some badges are quite beautiful and collecting badges can be an enjoyable hobby.  



                                                                                                                                                                                   



Flags are rectangular pieces of cloth with a distinctive design. They are always flown from masts or poles. National flags are symbols of a nation and must be always given respect. Flags are important in the military where they are used to coordinate actions of different units and avoid confusion. A ship at sea flies a flag to identify itself, and the navy uses flags extensively for signaling Originally, flags were used primarily in warfare. To some extent, they remain a symbol of leadership, serving for identification of friend and foe, and as rallying points. Flags are now also extensively used for signaling, for decoration, and for display.  A person who is chosen to carry a flag during any ceremony is called a flag bearer. It is a great honour to be selected as a flag bearer, whether it is your school flag, or the national flag.



                                                                                                                                                           



                                                                                                                                                                                          Military Badges



 


Signal at sea

Flags have long been used to identify a ship’s nationality and to convey clear messages. Flags of different patterns and colours form an internationally recognized code for the letters of the alphabet and each also has a meaning of its own when flown individually. They are shown below.



 



 



 



 



 



 



 



International code                                                                                                                                             



A: I am undergoing speed trials.



B: I have explosives on board.



C: Yes.



D: Keep clear, I am in difficulties.



E: I am altering course to starboard.



F: I am disabled.



G: I require a pilot.



H: Pilot is on board.



I: I am altering course to port.



J: I am sending a message by semaphore.



K: Stop at once.



L: Stop, I wish to communicate with you.



M: A doctor is on board.



N: No.



O: Man overboard.



P: (The Blue Peter): I am about to sail.



Q: Quarantine flag.



R: I have stopped.



S: I am going astern.



T: Do not pass ahead of me.



U: You are in danger.



V: I need help.



W: Send a doctor.



X: Stop, and watch for my signals.



Y: I am carrying mails.



Z:  I am calling a shore station.



 


What are traffic signals?

Can you imagine the confusion on our roads if there were no traffics signs or signals? Traffic signs and lights are important in that they give directions to people, warn us of dangers, control speed, and enforce traffic rules. Traffic lights are usually placed at the intersection of roads. They indicate when it is safe to drive, ride or walk. Everywhere in the world, a red traffic light means ‘stop’ and green light means ‘go’.Road signs were the first traffic control devices to direct travelers on their journeys. Today, road signs have many different purposes. Some have arrows showing the direction in which to go. Others have a slash inside a circle – a warning that certain vehicles and certain actions are not allowed Road signs also remind us of the speed limit, and give details about the road surface. They tell us when schools, hospitals and petrol bunks are nearby, and indicate dangerous turns on the road. It is important that we all learn the meaning of these road signs and traffic signals, so that accidents can be avoided, and we can have safe and comfortable journrys.


What is a totem pole?

Have you seen pictures of totem poles? They are large wooden poles that are beautifully carved with many symbols. The totem pole of the Red Indians, or American Indians, provided a means of communicating their stories, myths and legends. They were generally carved from giant trees, and were made up of an arrangement of symbols.The symbols on the totem pole told a story or recalled an event. These messages and stories tell us a lot about the Red Indians, their culture and their way of life. Some poles were erected to celebrate cultural beliefs; others were just an artistic presentation. Certain poles also contained graves within them. But whatever their purpose, totem poles with their huge size, subdued colours, and intricate carvings covered with magnificent symbols are both awesome and mysterious at the same time.


Which was USA’s first newspaper?

In America, the first newspaper appeared in Boston in 1690, entitled ‘public Occurrence’. But it was immediately suppressed, and all copies were destroyed. The first successful newspaper was the ‘Boston News Letter’, begun by postmaster John Campbell in 1704. But it had only a very limited circulation. By   the eve of the Revolutionary War, some two dozen papers were issued at all the colonies. Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania would remain the centres of American printing for many years.  By the war’s end in 1783, there were forty-three newspapers in print. The press played a vital role in the affairs of the new nation. Many more newspapers were started, representing all shades of political opinion.  The top five daily newspapers in the USA today are the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and the Washington Post. The total daily and Sunday papers amount to more than 2,300. This figure represents the highest number of newspapers, with the highest total circulation for any country in the world.


Which was the first true newspaper?

Every morning, without fail, the newspaper arrives at your home. But 400 years ago, there were no newspapers at all. During the Middle Ages in Europe, handwritten newsletters were circulated privately among merchants, passing along information about everything from wars and economic conditions to social customs and human interest The first printed forerunners of the newspaper appeared in Germany in the late 1400’s in the form of news pamphlets or broadsides. They often had highly sensational content. It was between 1605 and 1610 that publications with topical information began appearing on a fairly regular basis. These publications appeared first in Europe, and were the first true newspapers.  In the English – speaking world, the earliest predecessors of the newspaper were ‘corantos’, small news pamphlets produced only when some event worthy of notice occurred. The first successively published title was ‘The Weekly News’ of 1622.


What is an alphabet?

When you started learning the alphabet, do you remember your teacher telling you how each letter should be pronounced? Alphabets are different from pictograms in that an alphabet consists of different letters, with each letter representing a sound in a language.  Words are made of different letters put together.An alphabet is the quickest and most efficient way to write. Just imagine… with only 26 letters you can write all the words in the English language! Of course, different languages have their own alphabets. The Greek alphabet is different from the Hebrew alphabet, just as the Hindi alphabet is different from the Malayalam one! The Roman alphabet, which is widely used to this day, was derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets. The letters of an alphabet are written in different ways in different languages too. Some are round, while some have square, or even triangular shapes. With some alphabets, the words and sentences are written from left to right, while, with others, they are written from right to left!


Who invented the first pencil?

It is not known who invented the first pencil. The pencil was first documented in 1565 by Conrad Gesner, and it consisted of a piece of graphite inserted into a wood shaft. European craftsmen (woodworkers) were the first known pencil manufactures, and it wasn’t until the late 1700’s that manufacturing techniques similar to those practiced today were developed

Who invented paper?

Almost 2000 years ago, in 105AD, a Chinese court official named Cai Lun watched a wasp making its nest. He saw the insect chew up pieces of bamboo, and then mix it with its own saliva to produce a pulp. The pulp was next flattened into a sheet by the wasp, by using its legs. This sheet was used to line the wasp’s nest. Cai Lun copied the wasp, and made a paste of bamboo and water. He then flattened the paste into a thin sheet, dried the sheet in the sun… and paper was invented! Paper soon replaced papyrus and parchment as the most popular writing material. The Chinese used mulberry bark and bamboo to make paper, while the Europeans preferred linen and cotton rags. Nowadays, paper is made from the wood of fast growing trees such as pines, fir and spruce. Paper mills have sprung up wherever there is a good supply of water and wood, producing paper of every colour and texture imaginable. Today, the ever increasing demand for forests into pulp to feed the paper mills. So it is very important that we do not waste paper, and also that we learn to recycle and reuse it