A food chain is a sequence that demonstrates how one organism forms the food for another. It begins with the simplest animals and plants, and continues until the top of the chain is reached, Humans or predator animals are often at the top of food chains.
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Ecology is the study of how living creatures relate to one another and their environment. It is a comparatively new branch of science, but it has shown how interfering with a small aspect of a living community can lead to unforeseen consequences. Killing off one type of predator to protect livestock, for example, can cause prey animals to multiply in huge numbers and devastate crops.
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Paper is made from wood pulp, which in turn comes from shredded trees.
The main trunk is usually used for timber, and smaller sections and branches are shredded up. They are treated with chemicals that break down the structure of the wood into thin fibres. The fibres are pressed flat and dried to make paper. Whole forests are grown to satisfy the huge worldwide demand for paper.
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Trees always grow directly towards the light. In tree plantations, this property is used in such a way to make sure the trees grow very straight.
The young trees are planted very close together, and in order to reach sufficient light the trees grow straight up, without putting out many side branches. As they get larger, some of the trees are removed to give the remaining ones more space in which to grow.
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Bonsais are decorative miniature trees that were first developed in Japan.
They are grown in shallow dishes and the shoots and roots are carefully trimmed to stunt their growth. Some of these trees are very old and are perfect miniatures, even producing tiny flowers or cones. Most bonsai trees are extremely valuable, because of the length of time it takes for them to grow.
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