Why does World War II have many last days?

World War II started when Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, launched an unprovoked attack on Poland. Britain and France then declared war on Germany. It soon developed into a total war that involved 61 countries, and 1.7 billion people. The Axis countries consisting of Germany, Italy, and Japan were on one side. The other side was made up of the Allies, and included the USA, UK, France, and Russia among other European nations. Fifty million people lost their lives in this war, and hundreds of millions were injured.



 World War II ended with the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. On May 8th 1945, the Allies accepted Germany’s unconditional surrender, and this day marks the end of World War II in Europe. However, though the war had officially ended, it raged on in the Far East, for Japan refused to surrender. The Japanese held on for some more months until atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6th and 9th. Japan surrendered to the Allies only on 15th August 1945, and the surrender was officially signed on September 2nd 1945, abroad the battleship USS Missouri. That is why we say that World War II had not one, but many ‘last days’!



Last Soldier



 The last soldier to surrender in World War II was Hiroo Onoda, a Japanese soldier. He surrendered only in 1974, 29 years after the Japanese surrendered. He had been living on a remote island, and did not know that the war had ended!


Why are fossils related to the Great Flood?

You must all have heard about the Great Flood that swept across the earth in ancient times. Many people believe that thousands of animals that were swept away by the flood eventually became fossils. It is true that conditions during the flood were ideal for 'fossilizing' millions of animals, plants, and even dinosaurs. In fact, thousands of dinosaur bones can be found where they were washed together by violent flood waters and buried under mud, sand and rock. Many of the animals were torn apart, and their bones broken and jumbled-up. The mud and sands hardened like concrete to form the great layers of fossil rocks we find today.Quick flood burial would be the only way that so many dinosaurs and other things could have become fossilized in the way scientists have found them. Animals and plants will fossilize only if they are buried quickly and deeply – before predators, decay, and weather destroy them. Most scientists do not support this theory, but there are some scientists today who are seeking evidence to support it.



 Fossil Hunter



            Johann Jakob Scheuchzer was a Swiss naturalist and fossil hunter. He believed that the Great Flood created all sedimentary rocks and fossils. In 1725, he examined what he believed were the fossilized human remains of a victim of the Deluge. However, it was actually the fossil of a giant salamander. Scheuchzer was responsible for laying the groundwork for the science of fossils. 


Why is the Proterozoic Era important?

The Proterozoic Era was between 2.5 billion and 542 million years ago. One of the most important events of this era was the gathering of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere. Near the end of the Proterozoic Era, about 600 million years ago, creatures with more than one cell, like hydras, jellyfish, and sponges lived in the oceans. About 550 million years ago, these creatures evolved into flatworms, then round worms, and finally, into segmented worms. Thus, it was during this period that the first multi-cellular organisms came into existence. It was during the Proterozoic Era that fiery formation processes of the Hadean and the undersea continent-building of the Archaean were replaced by the process of plate tectonics. As a result, a single super-continent formed. Today, it is called Rodinia. 


Why are the last days of the German battleship Bismarck and the British battle cruiser HMS Hood connected?

The Bismarck was one of the most feared battleships constructed by Nazi Germany. The HMS Hood was a very powerful ship that was the pride of the British navy. During World War II, the two titans faced each other on May the 24th 1941. Hood opened fire on Bismarck. Two minutes later, Bismarck responded to Hood’s gunfire, and The Battle of Denmark Strait began. At 06.00, a gigantic explosion ripped the Hood into two. In less than ten minutes of battle, Hood was lost.  Following this battle, the Bismarck was pursued for more than two days by ships and aircraft of the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force. On May 27th, the Bismarck was attacked, and in two hours, the German battleship was completely destroyed.



The Sinking of the General Belgrano



General Belgrano was an Argentine cruiser that was sunk by the British submarine HMS Conqueror in 1982, during the Falklands War. The sinking raised a storm of controversy, as the Belgrano was supposedly in a safe zone. 


What is the Archaean Period?

The Archaean Period lasted from 3800 to 2500 million years ago. The Earth was still about three times as hot as it is today, and most of its area was covered with oceans. The Earth’s atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide, with very little oxygen in it. Land was beginning to form as volcanoes that emerged from the oceans. The forming of the continents also began during this period, probably as lava flow under the ancient oceans.About this time, the earliest living cells formed on Earth. These cells all lived in the oceans. One type of bacteria present then was the cyanobacteria, or blue-green algaes. These bacteria appear to have had a very strong cell-wall, and the ability to form layers in the ancient sediments. The formations are called stromatolites. They can be found in Archaean rock formations of Western Australia.So to sum up, the Archaean Period was a time of continent-building, and the first stages of early life can be traced back to this period. 



Raising Rocks



            Do you know why you sometimes find sea shells on top of rocks? It is because most sedimentary rocks were once found under the sea. Animals that were buried in the sediment became fossilized. Later, movements of the Earth’s crust resulted in the sea bed being pushed upward, and rocks that had been under the sea now became mountain tops.