My Science School

With people preferring to stay indoors due to the coronavirus pandemic, many have tuned to e-commerce sites to shop for their needs.

E-commerce is short for electronic commerce. It is the activity of buying and selling goods online. Like you walk into a supermarket near your home, pay money and buy groceries, you can visit an online store, browse its contents, pay money and buy the product. The only major difference is that your product will be delivered to your doorstep in the case of an online store.

What can you buy online?

You can buy just about anything online. There are e-commerce sites such as Flipkart and Amazon that sell a variety of products from televisions and smartphones to books and stuffed toys. There are also specific grocery selling e-commerce sites and apps such as BigBasket. Grofers and Supr Daily, clothing and accessories apps such as Myntra and AJIO, and furniture e-stores such as Pepperfry and Urban Ladder.

Apart from dedicated e-commerce stores, a lot of physical stores have their own websites to reach and service more people.

Tips for shopping online

Here are a few handy tips that will help you make the best use of e commerce sites.

Compare prices: There are many e commerce sites online that sell the same product at different rates. So remember to compare prices. You can also make use of websites that do this comparison for you.

Check for shipping rates: While several products are delivered free of cost, there are some that have an additional shipping fee. Try to browse other e-commerce sites to see if they offer free shipping.

Return policy: Always check for the return policy of a product since you cannot physically assess the product you wish to buy.

Don't fall for sale: Most e-commerce sites offer big sale discounts at certain times of the year. While this would be the best time to buy products, remember to check the original price of the product on its official site or other sites and make an informed decision.

Look for coupons: There are many coupon sites online that give away coupons for free. Browse these sites once before you purchase your product. Never know when you might get lucky with a discount!

Tips to stay safe

It might be convenient to shop online, but the digital world is not free of crimes. Keep these tips in mind when shopping online to stay safe.

Credibility matters: Always shop from credible websites. Ask your friends and family for suggestions and look for reviews of sites online before you decide to buy a product from a site.

Opt for cash on delivery: As much as possible, opt for cash on delivery to ensure you do not have to reveal your card details. Cash-on-delivery will also let you assess the product before you make the payment.

Exercise caution when feeding card details: When using a card or net banking facility online, refrain from calling out the details. Also, remember to never save your card on a website, otherwise it might be misused.

Do not fall for scams: There might be times when an executive from an e-commerce site calls you and says you have won a car, or some other gift. Immediately disconnect the call and inform the customer care as these are scams and ways for scammers to get your card details.

 

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The Internet is filled with a plethora of content. Many of us as students, surf the Internet for reference for our project work. While referring to content online and curating it for ones project work is perfectly fine, many students copy paste the content as is. This amounts to plagiarism, which is considered a form of copyright infringement.

As students, we may be plagiarising content without realising it because not many are aware about the seriousness of it. You might be plagiarising content if you: -

• Copy-paste paragraphs from an article online and pass it off as your own.


• Copy-paste images from articles or Google Search for an image and use it in your project work.


• Use a song or music track in your personal work.


• Use a footage from someone's video for your video or download a random video from sites such as YouTube or Vimeo and use it in your work.

These are just a few common ways in which plagiarism of content takes place. Plagiarism is a strict violation of copyright and based on the seriousness of the infringement, the degree of punishment can vary from a hefty fine to imprisonment.

What is Copyright?

Copyright is a form of intellectual property. It is a legal right created by the law to protect original creations and creators. When a person creates original content, he or she is entitled to have copyright over it and any form of recreation or distribution of their work can be done only with permission.

Copyrights are usually given for books, paintings, music sculpture, computer programs, films, databases and advertisements among others. Copyright in India is governed by The Copyright Act, 1957 which has been amended six times, the most recent being in 2012.

Copyright lasts only for a period of time, and this varies according to the country and other rules laid down in the copyright law.

How to use online content?

So, can you use content from the Internet without plagiarising? Yes, you can. Here are a few ways you can use online content without copyright infringement

Text: You can refer to any article online, but when you want to use content from the article, paraphrase it and write. For example, if an article states "Scientists believe the Mount Everest to be the tallest mountain in the world", you can rephrase it as "Mount Everest is thought to be the tallest mountain in the world according to scientists."

Alternatively, if you are using a quote from an article, you can credit the person who has given the quote as well as credit the article or the source from which you have taken the quote. If it is an online submission, you can even hyperlink the source for the quote.

- Images: When using Google Images, key in your concept and hit enter. Next to the Images, Maps, News tab, you can see "Settings' and Tools Select Tools, click on Usage rights' and choose Creative Commons Licences. This will filter out images that are bound by copyright and display the ones you can use without any credit line or attribution.

There are also several sites online that stock images you can use for free. These include Pixabay and Freelmages.

- Music: Sites such as Bensound, YouTube and SoundCloud offer you royalty free music tracks that you can use in your projects. If you really have to use a track that is copyrighted, identify the owner, write to them and get their permission in writing

- Video: Same as images, sites such as Pixabay, Pexels and Coverr offer you free video footages that can be used in your personal work.

No matter what, try and give credit to original creators wherever possible to avoid any kind of serious copyright violation.

 

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Social media and online games are often the things that come to people's mind when someone mentions the Web. But there is more to it than just networking with people or passing time. You can use the Web to express yourself creatively, while also keeping in touch with your friends and fulfilling your academic responsibilities.

1. Make personalised greetings

COVID-19 might have forced you to stay indoors, but that doesn't have to stop you from celebrating your loved ones birthdays. There are several downloadable software such as Adobe Photoshop and GIMP, as well as online websites such as Canva and Adobe Spark, which let you personalise and design birthday cards. You can create your card, mail it to your loved ones and wish them virtually if you can't meet them in person. It will be sure to touch their hearts.

Meanwhile, you can also use these software and websites to explore your creativity when it comes to art and graphic design.

2. Host games and meetings

Are you the person who loves organising get-togethers and hosting events? Then, why not do it virtually? There are dozens of group video calling software available online for free. Most of these let you host a meet-up with at least 50 people. So, like you would do for a physical get-together, design an invite with all the details and mail it to your friends/family members. You can come up with your own games that can be played virtually, or you can take the help of online websites that let you play multiplayer games such as Tambola or Mystery Rooms. Don't let the pandemic stop you from catching up with your friends and putting on a show.

3. For the author in you

Have you ever been inspired to write novels after reading some of those chilling mystery books? Or perhaps you like flash fiction, where you can narrate a story in just a few sentences? Fiction or non-fiction, the Web is an amazing platform to explore your writing skills before you take the plunge and publish a book of your own. There are several blogging sites that let you publish content for free. You can start your own blog and share your stories in it. You can also share the blog with your friends and family and invite them to give you feedback that will help you improve as you progress.

4. Ready, set, action

If expressing yourself in front of the camera or from behind the camera is more your thing, get up, take that smartphone and explore your neighbourhood. Thousands of people from all over the world share their experiences through the camera lens every day. With sites and apps like YouTube, Vimeo and Instagram giving you the freedom to share your content, make the best use of your creativity and shoot and edit videos. You can put up any kind of content from singing, dancing, DIY crafts, or even presentations on topics that interest you.

5. Lend your voice

If you love voicing out characters or narrating stories, the Web can fulfil that wish too. There are several websites online that let you host your own podcast and share it with people. If you are more of a storyteller who loves narrating stories, you could also lend your voice to free audiobooks online. Some sites, such as Librivox, encourage you to narrate popular books so that people online can consume them.

This is a great way to learn more about voice modulation and expression, and will also be a great platform for you if you wish to be a voiceover artist or radio jockey in the future.

 

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Project Gutenberg

The first name that pops up in the minds of people looking for free e-books to read is Project Gutenberg. Offering books in formats such as PDF, ePub and Simple text, Project Gutenberg is a volunteer effort to digitise and archive books. It is one of the oldest and largest libraries in the web with a collection of over 50.000 books. It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart.

ManyBooks

As the name suggests, this site has many books for you to read. With over 50,000 books across genres on offer, you can register with ManyBooks and download the e-books of your choice or read online. The site also has the latest bestsellers apart from the classics. The books on the site are compatible with Kindle, iPad and most e-book readers.

Wikibooks

If you are looking for textbooks and reference books, this is the site to visit. Hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation, from Science to Languages, Wikibooks has a wide range of free books. All are catalogued and the text can be edited, similar to the content on Wikipedia. The site also has a Featured Books section that suggests books worth reading.

Librivox

Librivox is not an e-book site, but a site for people who find it more fascinating to listen to a story than read one. Librivox offers free audiobooks for people to listen to. The content on the site is available through a volunteer effort where people who consume the books can also lend their voice to record audiobooks. All you need to do is register, and get set to be mesmerised.

Open Library

Open Library has more than a million free e-books available for consumption. It is an open online project of the Internet Archive, which is a non-profit digital library. Apart from consuming books, users can contribute books that others can read.

Free eBooks

This website has a large repository of e-books. One just needs to register on the site to access digital books on a wide range of genres. Once you register, you can access the books in HTML format. However, if you wish to read them in PDF or TXT format, only five books are available for you to download each month.

International Digital Children's Library

To take a break from all the heavy reading, you can visit this website to find a range of children's books in different genres and languages. The site has award winning books of different lengths and reading levels to suit all age groups. You can register on the site and start your journey into the world of children's books.

 

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Ever since gadgets entered our lives, we have been addicted to them. Checking the mobile phone as soon as we wake up has become part of our daily routine. Similarly, thanks to the pandemic, today our mornings begin with online classes.

While the computer is highly useful for academic purposes such as project work, it is also used as a means of entertainment. However, constant use of the computer can take a toll on our health and leave us feeling tired and exhausted.

The need to detox

Using the computer for long periods of time can affect the eyes as well as the body. The harsh light emitted by the monitor can tire your eyes and leave you with dark circles. The light is also said to affect sleep. Besides, in the absence of physical activity as a result of being confined to the house, your body will feel much weaker than it is.

Prolonged use of the computer can also lead you to develop a poor posture that can result in back and neck pain. Many people also complain of headaches and disorientation.

Another major health problem encountered by many of us today is obesity. Sitting in front of the computer for hours together can lead to weight gain. This in turn affects our heart and mind.

Ways to detox

The best way to stay away from the computer is to keep yourself occupied with other interesting things. Here are a few ways to detox and recharge yourself.

Take regular breaks:

Take a sand clock or set a reminder on your phone and place it on your computer table to remind yourself to get up and move around every half hour. During these small breaks, do simple stretches to relax your muscles before getting back to work.

Take power naps

You could feel exhausted with all the things you need to do during the day. So, to relax, take power naps instead of playing games on the computer or the Playstation.

Listen to music

Music helps us relax and destress. There's a tune for every mood. So, start listening to your favourite songs in your free time.

Allocate time for play

Even if you can’t go out, you can still play at home. There are a lot of games you can play with your family. You could also invent a game.

Reward yourself

It can be difficult to detox. A reward is a good way to keep yourself motivated. Every time you do something other than using the computer, reward yourself with something useful.

 

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Dictionary

Most of the physical dictionaries such as Oxford, Cambridge and Macmillan have online sites. To develop your vocabulary, you can refer to these sites. An easier way to find the meaning of a word is through Google Search. You can just type the word followed by ‘meaning’ in the search bar and you will get the answer instantly.

Translators

Developing a rich vocabulary is important to gain mastery over a language. While the dictionary can help you learn new words, there are several translators online that let you identify the equivalent of a word in the language you wish to communicate. The easiest translator to use is Google Translate. It is in-built with Google search. All you need to do is key in the word and the language to which you would like it translated. For example - Type "Translate happy to hindi" and see what happens.

Blogs

Writing and reading are the best ways to improve language skills. There are several blogging sites that let you blog and consume content for free. Blogging lets you voice your opinion and improve your skills by way of feedback from your readers. You can also read blogs written by others to understand how they communicate and learn the best practices. There are several blogging sites that can be used for free such as Blogger and WordPress.

Online courses

Several websites offer free and certified courses in language. You can watch and learn at your own pace and get advice from certified instructors and peers. These courses also help you build an online network and connect with people from all over the world, thereby helping you learn the language faster.

Spelling checks

Spelling errors can be common in the initial phase of learning a language. Sometimes, spellings can also go wrong when typing. To avoid these mistakes, and to identify the correct spelling, spell checkers in text editors are useful. Spell checkers underline a word in red if the spelling is wrong and offer you suggestions for the right spelling.

Grammar checkers

Grammar is considered the foundation of any language. It is essential for effective communication. Grammar checkers in text editors and software, which you can install, can be helpful in improving grammar skills. In text editors, a grammar mistake is usually underlined in green. There are also websites such as Grammarly that help you correct your grammar mistakes instantly while typing out a mail or posting content on social media.

Audiobooks and Ebooks

It is said that listening and reading are great ways to master languages, especially pronunciation. There are plenty of free audiobooks and ebooks available online. Just choose your favourite story and start listening to it as an audio file or reading it on your laptop. It's a fun way to improve your listening, reading and language skills.

 

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Word processors

Word processors can be your best friend when it comes to taking down or referring to notes. While most systems today come with Microsoft Word preinstalled, you don't have to worry if your system doesn't have it. There are many word processors available online for free download such as LibreOffice Writer and WPS Office Writer. Google docs can also be used for easy sharing of notes. But if you want something that is basic, Notepad is your best option. You can use word processors to take down important notes and research points and neatly arrange them for easy reference. You can also organise the notes and take printouts or share them with your friends over email.

Presentations

Since classes are happening online these days, presentation software is in much demand. Many times your teacher might ask you to make a presentation on a topic for the class. To aid you in this effort are a plethora of presentation software. While Microsoft Powerpoint is a classic software which lets you create beautiful presentations and display to the class, there are several other free software available online for download. There are also websites such as Adobe Spark and Canva that let you create amazing presentations in a jiffy.

Presentations are a quick way to revise topics as most presentations made by the teacher or students contain important points related to a topic.

Sticky Notes

Most computers, be it with a Windows OS or a Mac OS, have gadgets or apps for sticky notes. You can list to-dos, draw up a study plan for the day and make other small notes on these sticky notes and pin them to your desktop. Every time you turn on your computer and visit the sticky notes app, you will know exactly what you need to do. Time to start planning!

Bye-bye Math fear

How does the computer help you ace in Math? Through some amazing tools and software. There are tools such as the calculator that you can use to calculate or verify your answer. The calculator also doubles as a converter where you can check for currency and weight in different measures. It can also tell you the time difference between dates. Spreadsheet software on the other hand helps you organise data while also calculating simple and complex math problems such as multiplication, cube root and the likes.

Bring out the artist in you

To channel your inner artist and to help you with poster-making and other design works, the computer offers you software such as Microsoft Paint and Adobe Photoshop. There are also open source versions such as Gimp that can be downloaded for free. Websites such as Canva and Adobe Spark also help you make posters and edit photos for free. So, what are you waiting for? Create that amazing poster and leave everyone in awe.

Towards unlimited knowledge

Undoubtedly, the biggest role the computer plays in helping with academics is the access to the Internet which is home to the World Wide Web of information. The Web has answers to almost all your queries and is your best friend when it comes to research and some extra reading.

In the next edition of Open Source, we tell you how the Internet and the World Wide Web can help you with academics.

 

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Typeracer

The word "race" has been synonymous with "speed" since time immemorial. Similarly, the objective of the game is to improve your typing speed with accuracy. A paragraph is given and you need to type it out. This para can be a random para or a quote from a book. Letters that are capitalised should be typed the same way. There are two ways to play the game – at your own pace or enter a race with people from around the world. Ready, set, go!

10 Fast Fingers

This game is similar to the Typeracer. Here, instead of a para or a quote, you are given random words to type in less than a minute. Unlike Typeracer, you do not have to type capital letters in capitals. You can take a test on your own or compete with your friends to see who is the fastest. You can also join competitions hosted by people from around the world and see who's the fastest.

Typing War Master

This game puts to the test not just your speed and accuracy at typing, but also your concentration. Words fall from the skies in a bubble and you need to type them out before they hit the ground. The number of words that fall increases gradually as you progress through the game. When you enter, it might look like a Super Mario game set-up, but maintain your focus and type the words as fast as you can.

Keyboard Ninja

This game by typing.com is fun and simple to play. It has various levels of difficulty and lets you choose the keys from the part of the keyboard you would want to master. For example, if you choose the 'bottom row of the keyboard, you will be thrown random letters that appear in the last row of the keyboard. As these letters appear, you need to type them out before they fall off the play area. You will be given three chances in each turn.

Typing Ninja

As the name suggests, this game helps you type as fast as a Ninja moves. In this simple game, you need to type out random letters of the alphabet that fall from above. You can choose the speed and gradually increase it as your typing improves. It gives you details about your hits and misses and your accuracy levels. It also mentions the letters you missed the most.

 

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Instant Messengers (IMS) have been an integral part of the lives of children who grew up in the 90s and early 2000s. Before WhatsApp revolutionised the world of chatting, there was Yahoo Messenger and Gchat. IM lets users have conversations with people around the world through real-time tot transmission over the Internet.

While it started with just text, over the years service providers began offering different features such as sharing of files and emoticons. As the quality of the Internet improved, many service providers added audio and video calls to their features.

Today, however, the rise of messaging apps such as Whatsapp and WeChat due to availability of Internet on smartphones, has led to the decline of chat messengers. Though few remain today, the nostalgia of using chat messengers remains with users who were introduced to computers in the 1990s and early 2000s. Let's look at some popular IMs of the past, and some that remain popular even today.

AOL Instant Messenger (AIM)

One of the leading chat messengers used in North America, AIM was one of the oldest IM services, which was launched in 1997. The messenger was used widely in India as well.

AIM offered features such as messaging to mobile numbers and real-time IM that let you see what someone was typing in real-time. AIM was shut down in December 2017.

Yahoo! Messenger

One of the most popular chat messenger services in India, the Yahoo! Messenger was launched in 1998. It provided free of charge communication services and could be used only if you had a Yahoo! email ID. Most users on Yahoo! used its chatroom feature, which let users chat with others sharing common interests. Yahoo! Messenger closed its doors in July 2018.

Skype

Specialising in one-to-one and group video calls, Skype is a popular messenger platform which was launched in 2003. The messenger service also allows users to dial mobile numbers around the world. It was acquired by Microsoft.

MSN Messenger

MSN Messenger was launched by Microsoft in 1999 and was later rebranded as Windows Live Messenger. While it initially offered services to users with a hotmail ID, it later worked with Yahoo! Messenger and Skype to allow users to chat across the two platforms. The messenger service was discontinued in 2013.

Gchat

Gchat now known as Google Hangouts, was launched in 2005. It allowed Google users to chat with each other. It is integrated with Gmail, meaning users could use it within the Gmail environment, and is available as a standalone messenger too. Over the years, Gchat became Google Hangouts and supported features such as audio and video calling and file sharing. Today, it also offers group video calls.

 

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While your laptop is a single device that is capable of doing many things, it also gives you the option to connect external hardware for specific purposes. To enhance your music-listening experience, you can connect a speaker or headset to your laptop; to keep a hard copy of your precious memories, you can connect a printer. There are many possibilities and many devices that you can pair with your laptop. Here, we list a few.

USB

The Universal Serial Bus or USB is a connectivity port that is available on most devices, including your laptop and computer. You can connect pen drives or hard drives directly to the USB port, or you can use USB cables to connect your phone or any other device to your laptop. Most USB ports facilitate high speed data transmission. The most common USB ports one can find on laptops today are USB 2.0 and USB 3.0. USB 3.0 offers almost 10 times faster speed than USB 2.0 at about 4.8 GB per second.

HDMI

Like USB, HDMI or High Definition Multimedia Interface, is a port available on your laptop. Using a HDMI cable, you can connect your television or projector to your laptop. You can even connect a DVD or Blue Ray player to the television or laptop. As the name suggests, the output of a video or picture displayed using the HDMI port is completely in high definition (HD).

Wireless Connectivity

Wi-Fi is a common term today. Wi-Fi doesn't just let you connect to the Internet wirelessly, it also lets you connect devices to your laptop or computer to allow for data transfer. Apps like SHAREit use your Wi-Fi to connect your smartphone and computer, and transfer data. Alternatively, if you have a smart TV, connecting your television and laptop/ smartphone to the same wireless network also lets you cast whatever you see on your laptop/ smartphone to the TV.

Bluetooth

You would have heard of the word Bluetooth being mentioned in relation to your phone. But did you know your laptop also has Bluetooth connectivity? Yes, this feature lets you connect your laptop with your phone or any other Bluetooth device, like a speaker and share data or listen to music.

Aux Cable

Short for Auxiliary this port is the place where you plug in your headphones or earphones. Used mainly for audio transfer, you can also connect a speaker or a cars audio system to the laptop using the aux cable. Most devices with a 3.5mm jack can be inserted and connected to the laptop using the aux port.

 

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Text Twist 2

This popular word game makes you think on your feet. The task is simple - a bunch of jumbled letters is given and you need to make as many words as possible within the stipulated time. You can shuffle the letters around if you get stuck or proceed to the next round if you have guessed the required number of words.

Merriam-Webster Games

You might have heard of Merriam-Webster dictionary, but did you know it has a site with games that can help hone your spelling and vocabulary skills? From crosswords to quizzes and other word puzzles. Merriam Webster offers a range of games that let you challenge yourself, and your peers. And, it’s free!

ESL Crossword Puzzles

Crossword puzzles are fun. They have appeared in newspapers since time immemorial. However, some of these can be difficult for students to solve. So, to brush up on your vocabulary grammar and spelling skills, attempt the crosswords on the ESL puzzle site. They address various levels of difficulty and focus on different aspects of the English language. And, like the other games, these are absolutely free to play.

Wild West Hangman

This is a Wild West-themed classic hangman game. Your goal is to save the man from being hanged by guessing a word. You can choose from different topics such as countries and movies, and guess the word by selecting letters that may or may not feature in the given word. If it fits, you are one step closer to victory. And, if it doesn't, the man is closer to being hanged. It's a fun and interesting game to test your vocabulary skills

Wordshake

One of the many games in the British Council's team English Kids website, Wordshake is a quick game Similar to the board game Boggle, in this game you have three minutes and a 16-tile 4x4 grid with letters of the alphabet. You need to connect the letters and form as many words as possible in the given three minutes to earn maximum points. You can also check the other games on the website to improve your language skills.

 

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Coding is fun, whether you take it up as a hobby or a career. Since we have more time on our hands, thanks to the lockdown, why not learn to code? There are several benefits of taking up coding as a hobby. These include

Better thinking: Coding leads to improved thinking as it engages your math and logical thinking skills.

Improved problem solving skills: When you get stuck on a code, something likely to happen, you think of ways to overcome the problem.

You are the boss: Don't like how the comment feature on your favourite site works? Change it! Coding lets you create something of your own the way you like it.

Fuels creativity: You can code just about anything. You can even get creative with codes to achieve a variety of results.

One-time investment: You need a computer and a computer language to code. That's all. Just these will help you code for many things.

Career opportunities: With technology and gadgets developing companies are always on the lookout for coders, making it a great career prospect.

Skills required to code

When it comes to skills required to be good at coding, apart from problem-solving and logical reasoning, one also needs to have a good memory as programming languages have several keywords that need to be memorised and used correctly. A keen eye for detail is also important as sometimes just one comma or semicolon can render an execution error in the program. Sound basic maths skills are an added bonus as math equations may have to be used while coding. But over everything else, a programmer needs to be curious. He or she needs to look for multiple solutions to a problem and constantly wonder how something can be innovated and made better.

If you are interested...

If you wish to take up coding as a hobby and develop it further later, here are a few things to keep in mind before you start:

Read up: There are different computer languages available. Read up and find out what interests you the most

Tutorials: Several tutorials and basic coding courses and games are available online. You can use these as your launchpad and build on it.

Ask your teacher: Talk to your computer teacher and seek her assistance in choosing a language to learn.

Network, learn and earn: Several IT companies hold coding competitions. You can use this to form networks, learn more about coding and earn a few quick bucks along the way.

Would you like to pick up your laptop and crack the code as a hobby?

 

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What are codes?

Well behind one simple action that you want the computer to perform are pages and pages of codes that instruct the computer to perform the necessary action and give the desired output. These codes are sets of instructions given to the computer to perform an action, and the process of writing codes in programming language - the language the computer understands - is known as coding.

When you browse the web or use any software, what you see on the screen is in the language you understand, but what is written for the computer is different. For example, visit any page in the web and right click and select view page source. What you see are codes written in a programming language which instructs the computer to display what you see on screen. There are even codes that tell the computer to accept a particular action from a user, like opening a new link.

Individuals who write these codes in a programming language they are comfortable with are called coders, developers or programmers.

How to code?

Coding is done using programming languages such as Java, CSS and HTML The computer does not understand anything beyond the binary digits 1 and 0. If you had to communicate directly with the computer, you would have to talk in 1s and Os. However, since this is a massive task for humans to process, programming languages were introduced to bridge the gap.

A programming language lets you write the code in a language you can understand and translates it for the computer. There are two types of programming languages high-level and low-level.

A low-level programming language is closer to the binary code that a computer understands, while a high-level language is closer to what humans understand. High-level languages are designed to be easy-to-write codes. Most programming languages available in the market today are high-level languages.

If you are interested in coding, next week, we elaborate on the skills required for coding and tips to get started.

 

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A podcast is a digital audio or video file that a user can download or stream and listen to. It is like an on demand internet radio where you can listen to anything you want whenever you want Usually, a podcast is an episodic series, but an individual file can also be called a podcast. The word podcast was suggested by British journalist and technologist Ben Hammersley in 2004.

Podcasts can be accessed through several mediums such as Ipods, desktop computers and smartphones. The first podcast commonly believed to have been published online is the Matt Schichter Interviews in October 2003.

One can find podcasts on a variety of topics from education to travel and life experiences. While most podcasts can be accessed for free. some are also available on a subscription basis.

How can you listen to a podcast?

Podcasts can be listened to on a desktop computer, smartphone or a digital media player such as an iPod. On a smartphone there are several apps that offer free podcasts such as Google Podcasts Spotify and Podcasts Just download any of the apps and get started. On the desktop, you can visit podcast sites directly or go to a website which also hosts podcasts, such as the BBC and The Guardian.

Podcasts for you

Here are a few websites offering podcasts that you can listen to in your free time:

BBC Podcasts

The BBC offers free podcasts on several topics. It also has a special station called School Radio which has podcasts that introduce you to the world of drama language and dance among others.

Science Friday

As the name suggests the website has podcasts on topics related to science and technology. The site has discussions by eminent personalities on topics such as alien life. climate change. and neuroscience. Apart from listening to podcasts, you can read up on several topics and also take part in STEM activities created by educators from around the world.

Wow in the World

Premiered in 2017. this podcast is by the National Public Radio. Aimed at kids, it explores several topics that will leave you thinking. It can be listened to online, or via one of the many podcast smartphone apps. It can also be downloaded for later use.

Can you upload a podcast?

Yes. Several podcast websites allow you to record your own podcast and upload it. There are also sites such as iTunes that let you host publish and maintain your own podcast series.

So, make the best use of your free time and listen to resourceful podcasts on a range of topics. And, if you fancy, you can upload your own and share your stories with the world.

 

Picture Credit : Google

Rubik's Cube

Don't have a Rubik's Cube at home, but have always wanted to try your hand at solving it? Then look no further than the Internet. Type out Rubik's Cube Google Doodle in the search bar and hit enter. You will find a link to the game right at the beginning of the search results page. The doodle was a tribute to Hungarian inventor and Professor of Architecture Emo Rubik.

The game is as simple as it gets. You have a 3x3 Rubik's Cube whose rows and columns you have to move around to ensure that each of the six colours on the cube forms a 3x3 grid on each side of the cube. Simply put all the nine green coloured squares need to be on one side of the cube and this is the same with the rest of the colours on the cube. If you manage to achieve this, then you're a Rubik's Cube master.

Crossword

If you are a crossword enthusiast, there's a Google Doodle to satisfy your love for the puzzle. To mark the 100th anniversary of the crossword puzzle on December 21, 2013, Google collaborated with a crossword constructor to come up with an interactive crosswords doodle.

Just head to the Google search bar and type out Crossword Google Doodle' and you will find the link. Once you begin the game, you will realise it is just like any other crossword puzzle. Clues are given on the right side. When you click a clue, the relevant portion on the grid will get highlighted and you can key in the solution.

If you think the clues are a little difficult, take your parents help. Or else, you can always Google and find the answers

Magic Cat Academy

This is a fun and exciting Google Doodle game created by Google to mark Halloween on October 31, 2016. Just key in Magic Cat Academy Google Doodle and a link to the doodle will appear

The premise and the rules of the game are explained at the start. In this game, you are a wizard cat and the ghosts have taken over the Magic Cat Academy where you study. You need to fight and kill them to get your academy back. There are a total of five levels in the gameplay. To kill the ghosts at each level, you will have to draw the symbol appearing above each ghost's head. Sometimes, you will have to draw a combination of symbols. At the end of each level, you will face a powerful ghost to kill whom a long combination of symbols needs to be drawn multiple times. Once you do so, you will move on to the next level. You have five chances to stay in the game and win. To improve your chances, sometimes a special power with a heart symbol on top will appear. If you draw the symbol, you will get an extra chance.

 

Picture Credit : Google